Biography
Czar Nicholas II, Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov, known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from November 1, 1894 until his abdication on March 15, 1917. During his reign, he gave support to the economic and political reforms promoted by his prime ministers. He advocated modernization based on foreign loans and close ties with France, but resisted giving the Duma) major roles. Ultimately, progress was undermined by Nicholas' commitment to autocratic rule, strong aristocratic opposition and defeats sustained by the Russian military in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. By March 1917, public support for Nicholas had collapsed and he was forced to abdicate the throne, thereby ending the Romanov dynasty's 300-year rule of Russia.
Awards & recognition
- Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath · 1916
- Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold · 1884
- Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
- Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre
- Gold Medal of Military Valour
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- Gran Cross of the Order of the Crown
- Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
- Grand Cross of the Order of Christ
- Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross
- House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis
- Knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
- Knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Netherlands Lion
- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
- Knight grand cross of the order of the crown of Italy
- Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
- Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
- Knight of the Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
- Order of Carol I
- Order of Christ
- Order of Fidelity
- Order of Ludwig I
- Order of noble Bukhara
- Order of Osmanieh
- Order of Prince Danilo I
- Order of Prince Danilo I, 1st class
- Order of Saint Alexander
- Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky
- Order of Saint Anna, 1st class
- Order of Saint Hubert
- Order of Saint Stanislaus
- Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st class
- Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
- Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius Equal-to-apostles
- Order of Solomon
- Order of St. Andrew
- Order of St. George
- Order of St. George, 4th class
- Order of St. Sava
- Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class
- Order of the Black Eagle
- Order of the Dannebrog
- Order of the Double Dragon
- Order of the Elephant
- Order of the Garter
- Order of the Golden Fleece
- Order of the Redeemer
- Order of the Rising Sun
- Order of the Rising Sun, 1st class
- Order of the Royal House of Chakri
- Order of the Southern Cross
- Order of the Star of Romania
- Order of the Wendish Crown
- Order of the White Eagle
- Order of the White Falcon
- Royal Order of the Seraphim
- Nobel Peace Prize · 1901 · nominated
Filmography4 titles
Johnny Got His Gun
The UnXplained
Rasputin: Murder in the Tsar's Court
The Village Detective: A Song Cycle